![]() ![]() The clock phase of the CCDs is two-phase. We used CCDs manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. DG2020A DATA GENERATOR GENERATORThe digital data are stored in an onboard computer on a Clock generator The analog output from the CCD is converted to digital data according to the trigger signal. The clock generator supplies clock lines for driving the CCD and a trigger signal to an A/D converter (ADC). During operation, the CCD is cooled to −120☌ using a refrigerator in order to reduce dark current. The CCD is installed in a vacuum chamber. The Kyoto system consists of three parts, a clock generator, a CCD, and a data acquisition system. Therefore, we attempted to build a fast-CCD driving system using commercially available products. However, the clock generator fabrication is time-consuming and requires a special knowledge of electric circuits, and one purchased from a manufacturer can only be used to drive a CCD from that manufacturer. We have usually made our own clock generator or purchased one from a CCD manufacturer. In order to read the large-format CCDs, a fast-readout system is needed.Īlthough CCDs are very useful devices, it is not easy to drive them, as several clock lines are required (for the details of our case, see Section 3). Clear images are required, and therefore large-format CCDs are desired. In particular, the device is commonly used in space programs, such as ASCA, AXAF, XMM, and MAXI,. Since the X-ray CCD has better spatial and spectral resolution than gas counters, this device is now popularly used as an X-ray detector. Recently, CCDs have been applied to X-ray detectors. Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are often used in commercial products such as video cameras and digital cameras, which have become an integral part of our lives. ![]()
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